You have to look at sanitation on two levels.
First, you are producing a food product for other people, so you should try to use professional food service cleanliness standards. Wash your hands before you start, after you pet the cat, or touch anything dirty or dusty. Have clean places to put down the stirring spoon, like in an extra pail. Wash your equipment and make sure there are no bugs hiding in it before you use it.
Second, your chilled wort is a big bottle of sugary food for all kinds of bacteria, which would love to start an orgy of reproduction in your brew. So you have to protect your wort from infection using sanitizing and sterilization methods.
I recommend the rinseless type of sanitizer, it works very quickly and is easy to use. If you use a bleach solution to sterilize, make sure you do not use it on anything that is made of stainless steel.
While you are waiting for the grains to steep, mix up a pail of sanitizing solution. Use about 1 or 2 gallons of hot water and follow the directions on your sanitizing product (One Step or similar no-rinse sanitizer). Mine says use 1 tablespoon per gallon. Stir it up a bit.
Use your funnel to pour sanitizing solution into the carboy. Grab the carboy and shake it up a bit to make sure sanitizing solution touches all parts of the inside. Pour some around the outside of the opening.
Let it sit for a few minutes, then pour the sanitizing solution back into the pail and use your hands to wash the funnel and blow off tube and stopper all over. Leave the funnel in the pail for now. Rinse out the carboy with fresh water and put the blow off stopper and tube in the carboy. The sanitizer is advertised as no-rinse, but I would rather rinse than have the sanitizer in my beer.
Don't throw out the sanitizing solution, you will need it later.
Illustrated Beer Brewing Primer
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Illustrated Brewing Primer
Simple All Grain Brewing
German Pilsner Ingredients
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Fermenting
Corny Keg Rebuild
Racking
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Transferring Beer
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All Grain Decoction
El Cheapo Mash Tun
Favorite Websites
Sanitation and Cleanliness
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Illustrated Beer Brewing Primer
Ingredients ::
Equipment ::
Preparation ::
Steeping ::
Sanitation ::
Mash Out ::
Add Extract ::
Boil ::
Bittering Hops ::
Wort Chiller ::
Flavor Hops ::
Aroma Hops ::
Chill Wort ::
Remove Chiller ::
Aerate ::
Carboy ::
Pitch Yeast ::
Cap ::
Cool the Carboy ::
Fermenting ::
Corny Keg Rebuild ::
Racking ::
Reusing Yeast ::
Transferring Beer ::
Carbonation ::
Prost!